| | Dayton, OH | Rochester, NY | United States |
| Population | 138,416 | 211,100 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 50.4% | 51.5% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 49.7% | 48.5% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 33.5 | 32.9 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 142,295 | 210,190 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 166,179 | 219,773 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 182,044 | 231,636 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -15.8% | -6.6% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -23.2% | -11.4% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 2,498.6 | 5,902.3 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 55.4 | 35.8 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 1.2 | 1.4 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Dayton, OH | Rochester, NY | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 6.1% | 6.2% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 5.7% | 5.7% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 6.2% | 6.6% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 3.4% | 3.6% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 8.2% | 4.6% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 7.2% | 7.5% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 15.4% | 19.4% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 11.0% | 12.0% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 11.2% | 10.8% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 6.6% | 6.3% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 6.3% | 5.3% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 7.8% | 7.7% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 3.6% | 3.2% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Dayton, OH | Rochester, NY | United States |
| White | 50.7% | 37.1% | 59.4% |
| Black | 38.3% | 36.3% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 1.1% | 3.4% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 4.5% | 3.7% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 5.0% | 18.7% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Dayton, OH | Rochester, NY | United States |
| Married Population | 28.3% | 28.3% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 25.5% | 24.7% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 2.8% | 3.5% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 71.7% | 71.7% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 50.8% | 56.0% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 15.3% | 11.0% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 5.6% | 4.8% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.20 | 2.21 | 2.60 |
| Households | 56,572 | 91,400 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 28,134 | 42,729 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 15.9% | 15.2% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 30.3% | 28.2% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 28,438 | 48,671 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 35.1% | 38.1% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 18.6% | 18.5% | 10.8% |