| | Rolla, MO | Salem, OR | United States |
| Population | 19,949 | 174,193 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 45.8% | 49.0% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 54.2% | 51.0% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 28.3 | 35.7 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 19,632 | 155,223 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 16,367 | 136,924 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 14,090 | 107,786 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | 24.9% | 28.5% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | 45.1% | 63.2% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 1,655.7 | 3,580.8 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 12.0 | 48.6 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.0 | 0.6 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Rolla, MO | Salem, OR | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 5.4% | 6.2% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 5.0% | 6.6% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 4.1% | 7.1% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 2.4% | 4.2% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 17.0% | 4.3% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 11.1% | 5.1% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 14.7% | 15.5% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 9.3% | 14.0% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 7.9% | 11.6% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 4.4% | 4.8% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 4.6% | 6.0% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 6.9% | 8.9% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 4.8% | 4.2% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 2.2% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Rolla, MO | Salem, OR | United States |
| White | 84.1% | 65.8% | 59.4% |
| Black | 3.0% | 1.2% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 5.6% | 3.2% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 1.7% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 3.5% | 4.8% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 3.1% | 22.4% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Rolla, MO | Salem, OR | United States |
| Married Population | 36.1% | 46.7% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 34.6% | 45.1% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 63.9% | 53.3% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 47.2% | 34.6% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 11.8% | 13.4% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 4.9% | 5.2% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.05 | 2.58 | 2.60 |
| Households | 8,350 | 64,426 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 4,066 | 40,382 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 27.1% | 31.3% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 41.8% | 39.6% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 4,284 | 24,044 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 23.3% | 19.2% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 7.8% | 9.9% | 10.8% |