| | Rochester, NY | Waltham, MA | United States |
| Population | 211,100 | 64,655 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 51.5% | 50.8% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 48.5% | 49.2% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 32.9 | 33.8 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 210,190 | 60,912 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 219,773 | 59,226 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 231,636 | 57,878 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -6.6% | 4.8% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -11.4% | 7.2% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 5,902.3 | 5,075.8 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 35.8 | 12.7 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 1.4 | 1.0 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Rochester, NY | Waltham, MA | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 6.2% | 5.0% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 5.7% | 3.5% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 6.6% | 3.5% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 3.6% | 2.0% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 4.6% | 9.4% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 7.5% | 10.9% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 19.4% | 18.1% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 12.0% | 12.2% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 10.8% | 9.9% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 6.3% | 6.4% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 5.3% | 4.7% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 7.7% | 8.5% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 3.2% | 4.4% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 1.2% | 1.7% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Rochester, NY | Waltham, MA | United States |
| White | 37.1% | 63.8% | 59.4% |
| Black | 36.3% | 6.5% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 3.4% | 12.1% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 3.7% | 2.6% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 18.7% | 14.5% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Rochester, NY | Waltham, MA | United States |
| Married Population | 28.3% | 38.2% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 24.7% | 36.9% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 3.5% | 1.3% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 71.7% | 61.8% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 56.0% | 49.3% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 11.0% | 7.3% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 4.8% | 5.1% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.21 | 2.27 | 2.60 |
| Households | 91,400 | 24,943 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 42,729 | 12,675 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 15.2% | 29.5% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 28.2% | 46.8% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 48,671 | 12,268 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 38.1% | 9.2% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 18.5% | 14.4% | 10.8% |