| | Galesburg, IL | Troy, NY | United States |
| Population | 30,298 | 50,717 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 48.2% | 51.5% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 51.8% | 48.6% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 41.2 | 32.5 | 38.4 |
| space3 | | | |
| Population - 2010 | 32,178 | 50,081 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 33,706 | 49,170 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 33,530 | 54,269 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -11.6% | -0.7% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -11.1% | -10.1% | 30.8% |
| space4 | | | |
| Population Density | 1,707.6 | 4,896.9 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 17.7 | 10.4 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.2 | 0.7 | 264,836.8 |
| space | | | |
| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Galesburg, IL | Troy, NY | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 5.1% | 4.7% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 4.5% | 5.2% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 4.7% | 5.5% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 2.9% | 3.4% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 7.0% | 9.4% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 6.2% | 8.3% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 11.9% | 17.8% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 11.3% | 11.9% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 11.4% | 10.7% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 6.1% | 5.5% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 7.5% | 5.6% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 11.6% | 7.5% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 6.8% | 2.8% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 2.8% | 1.7% | 1.9% |
| space1 | | | |
| Race | | | |
| | Galesburg, IL | Troy, NY | United States |
| White | 73.9% | 63.0% | 59.4% |
| Black | 13.4% | 16.4% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 1.6% | 4.8% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 2.6% | 6.2% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 7.9% | 9.4% | 18.4% |
| space2 | | | |
| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Galesburg, IL | Troy, NY | United States |
| Married Population | 36.9% | 28.4% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 35.5% | 26.1% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 1.4% | 2.2% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 63.1% | 71.6% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 41.4% | 56.3% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 13.9% | 10.3% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 7.8% | 5.0% | 5.6% |
| space5 | | | |
| Household Size | 2.08 | 2.15 | 2.60 |
| Households | 12,558 | 21,295 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 6,171 | 9,865 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 23.2% | 17.4% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 46.6% | 31.5% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 6,387 | 11,430 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 18.4% | 34.7% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 11.7% | 16.4% | 10.8% |