| | Harlan, KY | Rotterdam, NY | United States |
| Population | 1,529 | 30,363 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 52.0% | 50.9% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 48.0% | 49.1% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 42.1 | 41.4 | 38.4 |
| space3 | | | |
| Population - 2010 | 1,735 | 29,108 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 2,081 | 28,316 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 2,686 | 28,395 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -29.3% | 6.2% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -45.2% | 5.9% | 30.8% |
| space4 | | | |
| Population Density | 1,176.2 | 850.9 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 1.3 | 35.7 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.0 | 0.8 | 264,836.8 |
| space | | | |
| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Harlan, KY | Rotterdam, NY | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 4.9% | 6.0% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 4.3% | 6.3% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 5.2% | 5.2% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 4.5% | 4.2% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 1.9% | 2.3% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 4.2% | 5.1% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 15.3% | 12.5% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 15.4% | 12.4% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 11.4% | 13.1% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 6.1% | 7.0% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 8.9% | 7.9% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 10.5% | 11.1% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 5.4% | 5.1% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 2.2% | 1.9% | 1.9% |
| space1 | | | |
| Race | | | |
| | Harlan, KY | Rotterdam, NY | United States |
| White | 88.7% | 84.3% | 59.4% |
| Black | 7.0% | 5.6% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 2.6% | 1.9% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 1.5% | 3.0% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 0.2% | 4.7% | 18.4% |
| space2 | | | |
| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Harlan, KY | Rotterdam, NY | United States |
| Married Population | 44.5% | 50.1% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 41.6% | 47.6% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 2.9% | 2.4% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 55.5% | 50.0% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 30.2% | 32.9% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 15.6% | 11.7% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 9.8% | 5.3% | 5.6% |
| space5 | | | |
| Household Size | 2.18 | 2.51 | 2.60 |
| Households | 701 | 12,040 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 358 | 7,467 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 19.6% | 27.1% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 41.3% | 48.9% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 343 | 4,573 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 25.1% | 14.1% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 14.0% | 9.9% | 10.8% |