| | Jacksonville, IL | Effingham, IL | United States |
| Population | 18,114 | 12,218 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 49.7% | 54.4% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 50.3% | 45.6% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 37.4 | 37 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 19,418 | 12,345 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 18,940 | 12,384 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 19,324 | 11,851 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -2.4% | 1.8% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -4.3% | 6.3% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 1,696.4 | 1,201.3 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 10.7 | 10.2 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.2 | 0.1 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Jacksonville, IL | Effingham, IL | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 5.4% | 6.8% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 5.1% | 7.0% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 4.3% | 7.3% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 3.0% | 2.0% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 8.0% | 3.0% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 6.1% | 5.3% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 15.1% | 14.6% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 11.8% | 11.5% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 9.5% | 10.0% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 6.9% | 7.4% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 6.0% | 6.0% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 9.3% | 9.5% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 5.3% | 5.0% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 4.1% | 4.4% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Jacksonville, IL | Effingham, IL | United States |
| White | 81.6% | 91.4% | 59.4% |
| Black | 9.8% | 1.0% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 0.9% | 0.9% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 3.3% | 2.1% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 4.1% | 4.5% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Jacksonville, IL | Effingham, IL | United States |
| Married Population | 37.0% | 49.0% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 35.4% | 47.8% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 1.7% | 1.3% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 63.0% | 51.0% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 39.6% | 29.3% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 16.2% | 14.0% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 7.1% | 7.6% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.20 | 2.27 | 2.60 |
| Households | 6,935 | 5,225 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 3,770 | 3,063 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 20.4% | 26.8% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 46.7% | 44.0% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 3,165 | 2,162 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 20.1% | 22.5% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 12.9% | 6.7% | 10.8% |