| | Madison, GA | Athens-Clarke County, GA | United States |
| Population | 4,404 | 126,118 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 57.0% | 52.3% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 43.0% | 47.7% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 44.5 | 28.5 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 3,990 | 116,089 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 3,636 | 100,266 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 3,483 | 86,592 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | 17.1% | 26.1% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | 22.3% | 46.0% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 505.2 | 1,083.7 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 8.7 | 116.4 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.1 | 1.8 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Madison, GA | Athens-Clarke County, GA | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 7.7% | 5.0% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 5.9% | 4.5% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 7.7% | 5.1% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 0.9% | 2.5% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 1.0% | 13.6% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 1.2% | 12.5% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 18.1% | 16.2% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 9.1% | 11.4% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 8.0% | 9.1% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 7.8% | 4.4% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 10.2% | 4.6% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 12.8% | 6.8% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 7.8% | 3.2% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 1.8% | 1.1% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Madison, GA | Athens-Clarke County, GA | United States |
| White | 59.5% | 54.7% | 59.4% |
| Black | 34.6% | 27.6% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 0.0% | 3.9% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 1.8% | 0.2% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 0.6% | 2.5% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 3.5% | 11.0% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Madison, GA | Athens-Clarke County, GA | United States |
| Married Population | 51.2% | 33.5% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 49.4% | 31.8% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 1.7% | 1.7% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 48.8% | 66.5% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 23.3% | 53.8% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 11.9% | 9.0% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 13.6% | 3.7% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.21 | 2.22 | 2.60 |
| Households | 1,955 | 51,613 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 1,400 | 24,203 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 25.4% | 25.1% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 35.6% | 40.4% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 555 | 27,410 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 20.6% | 20.3% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 18.4% | 14.3% | 10.8% |