| | Madison, IN | Chicago, IL | United States |
| Population | 12,227 | 2,742,119 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 56.6% | 51.2% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 43.4% | 48.8% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 43.9 | 35.1 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 11,966 | 2,697,480 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 12,004 | 2,896,016 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 12,006 | 2,783,726 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -2.1% | -7.5% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -2.1% | -3.8% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 1,424.1 | 12,060.3 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 8.6 | 227.4 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.3 | 6.8 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Madison, IN | Chicago, IL | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 4.8% | 5.9% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 4.3% | 5.4% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 4.6% | 5.8% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 4.2% | 3.6% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 4.1% | 6.0% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 12.2% | 19.8% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 14.0% | 14.3% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 15.3% | 11.9% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 8.2% | 5.8% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 6.5% | 5.4% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 10.4% | 7.6% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 5.6% | 3.6% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 2.4% | 1.6% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Madison, IN | Chicago, IL | United States |
| White | 87.7% | 33.1% | 59.4% |
| Black | 3.9% | 28.8% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 1.2% | 6.8% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 1.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 1.9% | 2.2% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 4.0% | 28.7% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Madison, IN | Chicago, IL | United States |
| Married Population | 39.4% | 37.8% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 37.2% | 35.5% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 2.2% | 2.3% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 60.6% | 62.2% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 31.0% | 48.9% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 21.5% | 8.3% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 8.0% | 5.0% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.18 | 2.41 | 2.60 |
| Households | 5,064 | 1,112,581 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 2,650 | 574,825 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 32.1% | 27.1% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 38.3% | 34.8% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 2,414 | 537,756 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 18.9% | 21.0% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 10.6% | 17.1% | 10.8% |