| | Madison, NJ | New Brunswick, NJ | United States |
| Population | 16,819 | 55,671 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 50.6% | 49.5% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 49.4% | 50.5% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 39.8 | 23.7 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 15,766 | 54,886 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 16,530 | 48,573 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 15,850 | 41,711 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | 6.6% | 15.7% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | 11.1% | 34.7% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 3,899.6 | 10,638.5 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 4.3 | 5.2 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.0 | 0.5 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Madison, NJ | New Brunswick, NJ | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 5.5% | 5.2% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 6.6% | 7.1% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 6.7% | 6.2% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 3.4% | 3.6% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 6.6% | 17.2% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 6.6% | 12.6% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 10.0% | 13.9% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 11.8% | 12.6% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 14.5% | 8.4% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 8.8% | 3.5% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 6.1% | 3.2% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 7.3% | 3.7% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 4.3% | 1.8% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 1.9% | 0.9% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Madison, NJ | New Brunswick, NJ | United States |
| White | 75.4% | 27.0% | 59.4% |
| Black | 2.0% | 14.1% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 5.3% | 10.0% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.5% | 1.2% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 3.9% | 1.5% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 13.0% | 46.1% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Madison, NJ | New Brunswick, NJ | United States |
| Married Population | 52.2% | 25.3% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 51.1% | 23.2% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 1.1% | 2.1% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 47.8% | 74.7% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 34.6% | 66.2% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 8.2% | 5.9% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 5.0% | 2.6% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.70 | 3.03 | 2.60 |
| Households | 5,702 | 15,464 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 3,892 | 8,780 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 42.0% | 26.2% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 42.2% | 21.2% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 1,810 | 6,684 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 8.6% | 37.5% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 7.3% | 15.1% | 10.8% |