| | Potsdam, NY | Modesto, CA | United States |
| Population | 14,925 | 217,728 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 46.8% | 50.8% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 53.2% | 49.2% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 25.4 | 34.9 | 38.4 |
| space3 | | | |
| Population - 2010 | 16,038 | 203,278 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 15,957 | 188,856 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 16,822 | 164,730 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -4.6% | 14.2% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -9.5% | 30.9% | 30.8% |
| space4 | | | |
| Population Density | 147.2 | 5,066.2 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 101.4 | 43.0 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 2.0 | 1.8 | 264,836.8 |
| space | | | |
| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Potsdam, NY | Modesto, CA | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 3.0% | 7.0% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 4.0% | 7.3% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 4.5% | 7.7% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 2.9% | 4.3% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 23.8% | 3.5% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 11.3% | 5.0% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 9.8% | 15.4% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 8.6% | 12.4% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 8.1% | 12.0% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 5.6% | 6.3% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 5.3% | 5.4% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 6.9% | 8.5% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 3.0% | 3.6% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 3.1% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
| space1 | | | |
| Race | | | |
| | Potsdam, NY | Modesto, CA | United States |
| White | 86.8% | 41.4% | 59.4% |
| Black | 3.9% | 4.3% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 3.5% | 7.4% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.2% | 0.7% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 1.7% | 3.0% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 3.2% | 42.0% | 18.4% |
| space2 | | | |
| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Potsdam, NY | Modesto, CA | United States |
| Married Population | 34.3% | 47.3% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 32.7% | 45.2% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 1.7% | 2.1% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 65.7% | 52.7% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 53.3% | 36.2% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 7.4% | 11.0% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 5.0% | 5.5% | 5.6% |
| space5 | | | |
| Household Size | 2.13 | 2.99 | 2.60 |
| Households | 4,950 | 71,879 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 2,389 | 51,510 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 35.6% | 32.6% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 48.6% | 34.5% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 2,561 | 20,369 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 9.9% | 19.9% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 5.9% | 13.1% | 10.8% |