Chautauqua County, KS is located in southeastern Kansas near Oklahoma border and bordered by Montgomery and Labette counties to the north, Elk County to the east, Cowley County to the south and Montgomery County to the west. It was named after an American Indian tribe that once lived in this region and established in 1875. Its capital is Sedan while its largest city is Caney with a population of 1,497 people per 2019 estimates. Chautauqua county covers 633 square miles with an agricultural economy including mainly wheat production as well as oil development activity in rural areas.