| | Hillsborough, NC | Troy, NC | United States |
| Population | 9,342 | 2,973 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 52.1% | 50.8% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 47.9% | 49.2% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 44.8 | 43.3 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 6,606 | 3,497 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 5,446 | 3,430 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 4,263 | 3,404 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | 32.7% | -4.0% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | 69.5% | -3.3% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 1,669.1 | 828.1 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 5.6 | 3.6 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.1 | 0.0 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Hillsborough, NC | Troy, NC | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 6.5% | 7.0% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 5.1% | 0.0% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 4.2% | 4.1% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 4.5% | 3.2% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 1.4% | 2.3% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 2.2% | 3.7% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 11.6% | 20.1% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 15.1% | 13.3% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 16.6% | 18.0% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 8.3% | 6.4% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 9.7% | 7.4% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 11.6% | 7.8% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 1.8% | 5.3% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 1.3% | 1.3% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Hillsborough, NC | Troy, NC | United States |
| White | 75.9% | 51.6% | 59.4% |
| Black | 11.8% | 40.2% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 2.4% | 0.8% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.6% | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 2.6% | 4.6% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 6.7% | 1.4% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Hillsborough, NC | Troy, NC | United States |
| Married Population | 56.1% | 29.5% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 54.6% | 26.6% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 1.5% | 2.9% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 43.9% | 70.5% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 27.1% | 49.4% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 15.1% | 12.1% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 1.8% | 9.0% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.29 | 2.38 | 2.60 |
| Households | 3,914 | 946 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 2,446 | 599 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 34.6% | 6.8% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 50.6% | 42.4% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 1,468 | 347 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 10.9% | 33.9% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 3.9% | 16.9% | 10.8% |