| | Madison, SD | Cheyenne, WY | United States |
| Population | 6,388 | 64,610 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 48.6% | 50.2% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 51.4% | 49.8% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 36.2 | 38 | 38.4 |
| space3 | | | |
| Population - 2010 | 6,533 | 59,764 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 6,540 | 53,011 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 6,257 | 50,008 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | 8.0% | 22.1% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | 12.9% | 29.5% | 30.8% |
| space4 | | | |
| Population Density | 1,383.9 | 2,267.3 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 4.6 | 28.5 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.0 | 0.1 | 264,836.8 |
| space | | | |
| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Madison, SD | Cheyenne, WY | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 6.4% | 6.0% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 6.2% | 5.5% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 5.9% | 6.4% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 2.6% | 3.8% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 8.5% | 2.9% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 7.8% | 5.5% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 12.0% | 15.9% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 8.7% | 12.7% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 6.5% | 12.0% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 8.4% | 6.8% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 7.9% | 6.1% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 10.9% | 9.8% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 4.5% | 4.1% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 3.7% | 2.6% | 1.9% |
| space1 | | | |
| Race | | | |
| | Madison, SD | Cheyenne, WY | United States |
| White | 91.2% | 76.4% | 59.4% |
| Black | 0.2% | 2.5% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 0.0% | 1.2% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 2.2% | 0.5% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 3.4% | 16.2% | 18.4% |
| space2 | | | |
| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Madison, SD | Cheyenne, WY | United States |
| Married Population | 45.9% | 53.0% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 42.5% | 51.6% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 3.4% | 1.4% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 54.1% | 47.0% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 37.6% | 27.4% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 10.2% | 14.0% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 6.2% | 5.5% | 5.6% |
| space5 | | | |
| Household Size | 2.40 | 2.29 | 2.60 |
| Households | 2,430 | 27,816 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 1,386 | 16,276 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 27.9% | 33.2% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 49.6% | 46.4% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 1,044 | 11,540 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 14.1% | 12.6% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 8.4% | 7.8% | 10.8% |