| | Troy, NY | Menlo Park, CA | United States |
| Population | 50,717 | 33,677 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 51.5% | 51.2% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 48.6% | 48.8% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 32.5 | 38.4 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 50,081 | 32,083 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 49,170 | 30,785 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 54,269 | 28,040 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | -0.7% | 13.5% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | -10.1% | 24.6% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 4,896.9 | 3,363.7 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 10.4 | 10.0 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.7 | 7.4 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Troy, NY | Menlo Park, CA | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 4.7% | 6.5% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 5.2% | 8.1% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 5.5% | 6.6% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 3.4% | 2.8% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 9.4% | 2.3% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 8.3% | 5.9% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 17.8% | 12.2% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 11.9% | 15.9% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 10.7% | 12.6% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 5.5% | 6.6% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 5.6% | 6.2% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 7.5% | 7.5% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 2.8% | 4.7% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 1.7% | 2.1% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Troy, NY | Menlo Park, CA | United States |
| White | 63.0% | 55.6% | 59.4% |
| Black | 16.4% | 3.1% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 4.8% | 16.3% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 1.5% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 6.2% | 5.2% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 9.4% | 17.6% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Troy, NY | Menlo Park, CA | United States |
| Married Population | 28.4% | 56.5% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 26.1% | 55.6% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 2.2% | 0.9% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 71.6% | 43.5% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 56.3% | 31.4% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 10.3% | 8.4% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 5.0% | 3.8% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.15 | 2.78 | 2.60 |
| Households | 21,295 | 11,725 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 9,865 | 7,922 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 17.4% | 43.2% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 31.5% | 41.3% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 11,430 | 3,803 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 34.7% | 8.4% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 16.4% | 7.1% | 10.8% |