| | Madison, AL | Los Alamos, NM | United States |
| Population | 55,551 | 13,270 | 329,725,481 |
| Female Population | 50.4% | 48.6% | 50.5% |
| Male Population | 49.6% | 51.5% | 49.5% |
| Median Age | 38.8 | 41.4 | 38.4 |
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| Population - 2010 | 43,558 | 12,030 | 309,327,143 |
| Population - 2000 | 29,329 | 11,909 | 285,036,114 |
| Population - 1990 | 14,904 | 11,455 | 251,960,433 |
| Pop. 2000 to Now | 79.5% | 10.2% | 15.6% |
| Pop. 1990 to Now | 253.3% | 14.6% | 30.8% |
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| Population Density | 1,832.4 | 1,192.8 | 93.4 |
| Land Area | 30.3 | 11.1 | 3,531,905.4 |
| Water Area | 0.1 | 0.0 | 264,836.8 |
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| Est. Total Population By Age | | | |
| | Madison, AL | Los Alamos, NM | United States |
| Age 0 to 4 | 5.8% | 3.9% | 5.9% |
| Age 5 to 9 | 7.7% | 5.2% | 6.1% |
| Age 10 to 14 | 8.9% | 7.2% | 6.6% |
| Age 15 to 17 | 6.0% | 4.2% | 3.9% |
| Age 18 to 20 | 2.3% | 2.5% | 4.0% |
| Age 21 to 24 | 2.3% | 4.4% | 5.2% |
| Age 25 to 34 | 11.8% | 14.9% | 13.8% |
| Age 35 to 44 | 15.4% | 11.7% | 12.9% |
| Age 45 to 54 | 14.9% | 13.3% | 12.6% |
| Age 55 to 59 | 6.7% | 10.0% | 6.7% |
| Age 60 to 64 | 6.7% | 5.7% | 6.3% |
| Age 65 to 74 | 6.7% | 9.6% | 9.6% |
| Age 75 to 84 | 3.8% | 4.4% | 4.5% |
| Age 85 and over | 1.0% | 3.1% | 1.9% |
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| Race | | | |
| | Madison, AL | Los Alamos, NM | United States |
| White | 69.2% | 67.6% | 59.4% |
| Black | 13.8% | 1.1% | 12.2% |
| Asian | 6.6% | 7.2% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.4% | 0.8% | 0.6% |
| Hawaiian, Pacific Islander | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% |
| Other | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.4% |
| Two or More Races | 2.8% | 4.2% | 3.2% |
| Hispanic | 6.6% | 19.1% | 18.4% |
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| Marriage & Family | | | |
| | Madison, AL | Los Alamos, NM | United States |
| Married Population | 62.2% | 57.1% | 49.8% |
| Currently Married | 61.4% | 56.7% | 48.0% |
| Married but Separated | 0.9% | 0.4% | 1.8% |
| Single Population | 37.8% | 42.9% | 50.2% |
| Never Married | 24.8% | 27.2% | 33.8% |
| Divorced | 8.0% | 12.4% | 10.8% |
| Widowed | 4.9% | 3.2% | 5.6% |
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| Household Size | 2.59 | 2.24 | 2.60 |
| Households | 21,357 | 5,881 | 124,010,992 |
| Family Households | 15,241 | 3,546 | 80,755,759 |
| Married couple, w/children | 44.7% | 34.0% | 30.5% |
| Married couple, no children | 39.5% | 48.7% | 42.9% |
| Non Family Households | 6,116 | 2,335 | 43,255,233 |
| Single householder, w/children | 12.6% | 10.5% | 15.8% |
| Single householder, no children | 3.2% | 6.8% | 10.8% |